Kupanga Ma APF Othamanga Kwambiri ndi SiC ndi GaN

Magetsi amayendetsa dziko lathu lamakono. Komabe, khalidwe la magetsi amenewa nthawi zina silikhala langwiro. Monga ophunzira a uinjiniya, posachedwa mudzakumana ndi vuto lalikulu m'munda. Vutoli limatchedwa Kusokonezeka kwa HarmonicZimachitika pamene zipangizo zimakoka mphamvu m'malo ophulika osalingana. Kuyenda kwa mphamvu kosalingana kumeneku kumawononga zida ndikuwononga mphamvu.

Kuti akonze izi, mainjiniya amagwiritsa ntchito Active Power Filter (APF). APF imagwira ntchito ngati mahedifoni oletsa phokoso pa gridi yamagetsi. Imamvetsera zizindikiro zamagetsi zoyipa ndikutumiza zizindikiro zosiyana kuti izi ziletse. Mphamvu Yabwino nkhani.

Masiku ano, tikupanga zosefera izi kukhala zabwino kwambiri. Tikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zotchedwa Silicon Carbide (SiC) ndi Gallium Nitride (GaN). Zipangizozi zikusintha tsogolo la zamagetsi zamagetsi mu dongosolo lamagetsi.

Kumvetsetsa Vuto la Mphamvu Yamagetsi

Choyamba, tiyenera kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yofunika. Kale, magetsi ambiri anali osavuta. Zinthu monga mababu amagetsi ndi zotenthetsera magetsi zinkakoka magetsi bwino. Timatcha magetsi awa kukhala ofanana. Masiku ano, zinthu ndi zosiyana. Timagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, magetsi a LED, ndi ma mota. Izi ndi zinthu zopanda mzere. Zimatenga mphamvu m'mikwingwirima yakuthwa.

Mikwingwirima yakuthwa iyi imapanga mafunde a harmonic. Mafunde awa akamayenda kudzera mu gridi yamagetsi, amayambitsa kusokonekera kwa magetsi. Izi ndi vuto lalikulu. High Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) ingayambitse kutentha kwambiri kwa ma transformer. Ikhoza kupangitsa ma circuit breakers kugwedezeka popanda chifukwa. Imachepetsanso mphamvu. Mphamvu yochepa imatanthauza kuti dongosolo lamagetsi likuwononga mphamvu.

Miyezo yamakampani, monga IEEE 519, imaika malire okhwima pa kuchuluka kwa kupotoza komwe kumaloledwa. Kuti tikwaniritse miyezo iyi, tikufunika kuchepetsa bwino kwa harmonic kuti tiwongolere mphamvu. Zosefera zachikhalidwe zogwiritsa ntchito ma coil akuluakulu ndi ma capacitor. Ndi zolemera ndipo sizingasinthe malinga ndi katundu wosintha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Active Power Filter ndi yofunika kwambiri. Imapereka chiwongola dzanja champhamvu nthawi yeniyeni.

Udindo wa Ma Semiconductors a Wide-Bandgap

Kwa zaka zambiri, ma power converters amagwiritsa ntchito ma switch okhala ndi silicon. Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) inali chisankho chodziwika bwino. Komabe, silicon ili ndi malire enieni. Siingathe kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa mwachangu popanda kutaya mphamvu zambiri. Kutayika kwa mphamvu kumeneku kumakhala kutentha.

Apa ndi pomwe ma semiconductor a wide-bandgap (WBG) amabwera. Silicon Carbide (SiC) ndi Gallium Nitride (GaN) ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu za WBG. Ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mphamvu pakati pa ma elekitironi awo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamawapatsa ubwino waukulu kuposa silicon wamba.

Kusintha Mofulumira ndi Kulamulira Bwino

Ubwino waukulu wa SiC ndi GaN ndi ma frequency awo osinthira. Silikoni IGBT yokhazikika imatha kusintha pa 10 kilohertz (kHz). Transistor ya GaN imatha kusintha mosavuta pa 100 kHz kapena kupitirira apo.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zili zofunika? Tangoganizirani kuyesa kujambula bwalo losalala pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yolunjika yokha. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mizere ingapo yayitali, bwalo limawoneka lolimba. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mizere ingapo yaying'ono, bwalo limawoneka losalala bwino. Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kumagwira ntchito mofananamo. Kumalola APF kupanga mphamvu yochepetsera yosalala kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ikhoza kuletsa ma harmonics othamanga kwambiri komanso apamwamba. Zimapatsa dongosololi bandwidth yolamulira kwambiri.

Kukula Kochepa ndi Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency apamwamba kumasinthanso kapangidwe ka zida. Pamene ma frequency osinthira akukwera, kukula kwa zinthu zosagwira ntchito kumatsika. Ma inductor osinthira ndi ma DC-link capacitors amakhala ochepa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kapangidwe ka mphamvu zambiri. Chigawo chonse cha APF chimakhala chocheperako komanso chopepuka.

Kuphatikiza apo, zida za SiC ndi GaN zili ndi kutayika kochepa kwambiri kwa switching. Sizimawononga mphamvu zambiri zikayatsa ndi kuzimitsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mopitirira muyeso kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti zimapangitsa kutentha kochepa. Mainjiniya amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma heat sink ang'onoang'ono. Angathandize kuti makina oyendetsera kutentha azikhala osavuta. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zidazo zikhale zodalirika komanso zotsika mtengo kuzigwiritsa ntchito.

Malingaliro Ofunika mu Kapangidwe ka APF Yamakono

Kupanga APF yamakono kumaphatikizapo mfundo zingapo zapamwamba zauinjiniya. Mudzakumana ndi mitu iyi nthawi zambiri m'maphunziro anu ndi ntchito zanu zamtsogolo.

1. Ma Topoloji Apamwamba: Mainjiniya amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a ma circuit kuti agwire ma voltage okwera. Inverter ya Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) ndi chosinthira cha T-Type ndi zosankha zodziwika bwino. Ma topoloji amitundu yambiri awa amachepetsa kupsinjika kwa ma switch amodzi ndi amodzi.

2. Makina Owongolera A digito: APF imafuna ubongo kuti igwiritse ntchito chidziwitso mwachangu. Timagwiritsa ntchito Mapurosesa a Zizindikiro za digito (DSPs) kapena Ma Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Ma chips awa amagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ovuta. Amawerengera mafunde enieni a harmonic mu ma microseconds.

3. Njira Zosinthira Maginito: Kuti tiwongolere ma switch, timagwiritsa ntchito Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya DC voltage bwino kwambiri. Imathandizanso kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa maginito (EMI) komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha mwachangu.

4. Kugwirizanitsa Ma Gridi: APF iyenera kukhala yogwirizana bwino ndi gridi yayikulu yamagetsi. Timagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) kuti titsatire ngodya ya voltage ya gridi. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mphamvu yobwezera yalowetsedwa panthawi yoyenera.

Mapulogalamu mu Dziko Lenileni

Kufunika kwa magetsi oyera kukukula mofulumira. Izi zikuyendetsedwa ndi zochitika zingapo padziko lonse lapansi.

Choyamba, kukwera kwa magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo. Magwero awa amagwiritsa ntchito ma inverter olumikizidwa ndi gridi omwe amatha kuyambitsa ma harmonics. Ma APF amathandizira kukhazikika kwa microgrid ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino.

Chachiwiri, kusintha kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi (ma EV). Malo ochapira magetsi mwachangu amakoka mphamvu zambiri. Ndi katundu waukulu wosalunjika. Kuyika APF pamalo ochapira magetsi kumateteza gridi yapafupi ku kutsika kwamphamvu kwa magetsi ndi kusokonekera.

Pomaliza, kukakamiza Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) ndi kupanga zinthu mwanzeru. Mafakitale amakono amagwiritsa ntchito makina osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito a robotic ndi ma variable frequency drives (VFDs). Makinawa amafunika mphamvu yabwino kwambiri kuti agwire ntchito bwino. Kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa magetsi kapena kukwera kwa harmonic kungalepheretse mzere wonse wopanga.

Mapeto

Kusintha kuchoka pa silicon kupita ku SiC ndi GaN ndi gawo lalikulu paukadaulo wamagetsi. Zipangizozi zomwe zili ndi mipata yayikulu zikupangitsa kuti Active Power Filters ikhale yachangu, yaying'ono, komanso yogwira ntchito bwino.

Monga mainjiniya amtsogolo, kumvetsetsa ukadaulo uwu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Inuyo ndi amene mupanga mibadwo yotsatira ya ma gridi anzeru ndi machitidwe amphamvu okhazikika. Mwa kukhala ndi luso la zamagetsi zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, mudzathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti tsogolo la mphamvu zokhazikika komanso zoyera kwa aliyense.